sa国际传媒

We all need sleep. But young children need it more than most. By the age of two, most children will have spent more time asleep than awake.聽

As a child鈥檚 brain is 90% developed by their聽fifth birthday, these tender years are the most important in its life. Sleep is a vital part of this development and growth.

鈥淪leep is crucial for young children in terms of cell replenishment, health, wellbeing and brain development,” said Lucy Shrimpton, British sleep expert and author of The Sleep Nanny System.聽

鈥淭here is so much growing going on in the first years and good sleep supports this development, which is why it鈥檚 crucial to keep trying to get it right.”

The first five years of a child鈥檚 life聽are vital –聽that’s why聽sa国际传媒’s聽#5for5 campaign urges world leaders to invest in early childhood development.

All this week, to mark the launch of a new #5for5 film, we鈥檙e looking at the importance of quality care for the under-fives.聽We’d love you to share our new #5for5 film on聽听辞谤听.

And please sign our petition below – we’ll present it to leaders at the G20 summit in July.

Although sleep is crucial for babies and young children, it’s not always going to go smoothly.

鈥淥f course, sleep problems are going to occur and that鈥檚 why it鈥檚 important to get them sorted out – for the whole family,” said Lucy Shrimpton.

鈥淲hen your sleep is disturbed, it affects your mood, your ability to concentrate, your wellbeing and health. But for children, it鈥檚 even more than this because they are growing so rapidly during the early years.鈥�

Research shows sleep is so important that babies in the womb spend 16 to聽20 hours per day asleep.聽Of that time,聽60% to聽80% is spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, also known as active sleep because of the incredible brain activity going on.

Andrea Page, of California-based parenting website聽Little Beet Kids, said: 鈥淣ewborns spend about 50%聽of their 16 to聽18 hours of daily sleep in REM. The percentage of REM sleep decreases until post-adolescence when it comprises about 25% of adult sleep.鈥�

New research from the University of Colorado and the University Hospital Zurich has claimed that sleep deprivation may damage the way a child鈥檚 brain develops.

They measured the brain activity of children whose sleep had been restricted by four hours.聽Previous studies in adults had shown that sleep deprivation increased deep sleep waves in the front part of the brain.

Similar effects were found in the children but this time at the back and side regions of the brain, those parts聽involved in planned movements and attention.

The researchers were concerned this could impact on the development of the brain. Neural structures聽inside the brain change and adapt to the stimulus the brain receives, a concept known as plasticity. The concern is that deep sleep waves could disrupt normal plasticity development.

By six months, many infants sleep through the night and聽70% to聽80% will do so by nine months. Infants typically sleep nine to聽12 hours during the night and take naps of 30 minutes to two聽hours between one and聽four times a day – fewer as they reach the聽age of聽one.聽

鈥淲hen infants are put to bed drowsy but not asleep, they are more likely to become聽self-soothers,聽which enables them to fall asleep independently at bedtime and put themselves back to sleep during the night,”聽said聽a spokesman for the American nonprofit聽.

鈥淭hose who have become accustomed to parental assistance at bedtime often become ‘signallers’聽and cry for their parents to help them return to sleep during the night.聽

鈥淪ocial and developmental issues can also affect sleep. Secure infants who are attached to their caregiver may have fewer sleep problems –聽but some may also be reluctant to give up this engagement for sleep.”

Shrimpton is all for getting children to fall asleep on their own and correcting poor sleep patterns. But she聽does not believe children have to go “cold turkey”聽for things to change.

鈥淥f course you want to your children to be able to put themselves to sleep,” she said. “But it鈥檚 not all or nothing and you don鈥檛 have to leave them to cry.

鈥淭here are lots of way that you can wean聽children off relying on a parent soothing them to sleep. And it doesn鈥檛 take weeks. A change can be made in less than a week.鈥�

Sleep tips from the Sleep Nanny

Get into a good routine. 鈥淭ake the same steps in the same order –聽so bath, brush teeth, story and bed. Or whatever you do. But have a consistent wind-down,鈥� said Lucy Shrimpton.聽

For young children, aim to have bed-time between 6pm to 8pm –聽around 7pm is an ideal time if you can.

No screens (tablet, TVs or聽phones) for a least an hour before the getting ready for bed聽ritual.

Let children (including babies) put themselves to sleep. This way they learn to self settle. Lucy said:聽鈥淲e wake up around six times a night聽but it鈥檚 momentary and we get back to sleep. Learning to put yourself to sleep is a learned skill.聽

“But if your child needs rocked to sleep before you can put them down for the night, try to change this. Just not overnight. Continue with some of the routines聽and wait till they are drowsy but not completely asleep. Slowly wean them off you putting them to sleep.鈥�

If your child is an early waker, this tends to mean they need more sleep. Lucy says:聽鈥淭his is a prevalent problem and for a child who regularly wakes early, it鈥檚 actually a sign of over-tiredness. So parents have to look at things like the bed-time is maybe too late. If they are taking naps, are these good naps? Is the window between naps too long?鈥�